1, fetal body characteristics thin fetal bone, fetal color is light gray, gray, commonly known as "incense gray fetus", brown gray and dark gray is very rare, and the unearthed fragments of its cross section hue is close to yellow and gray white, which is caused by long-term contact with soil erosion, not Ru porcelain。The lower the firing temperature, the lighter the tire color, and the higher the firing temperature, the heavier the tire color。Compared with the Minru of the same period, the degree of sintering of Guanru porcelain is poor, is not completely sintered, the texture is loose, the section is astringent and no luster, the water absorption is quite high, and the holes of different sizes are particularly many, which is one of the important conditions for the identification of Guanru porcelain。
  2, glaze color characteristics glaze is thin，The glaze is glossy，Some are translucent，Some are milky，It is dominated by azure blue (that is, light blue such as "rainy azure")，The glaze color changes greatly，Includes pink blue (i.e., shining green in green)，The glaze is transparent，There are dark points), moon white, egg green (that is, similar to blue duck eggshell，Loss of penetration) and so on，And green glaze，The glaze color changes little，There are very few of them handed down。In fact, it can be summarized as azure and green two kinds of glaze color, among which powder green, moon white and egg green with better transparency have different degrees of light gray。It can be seen from the microstructure that there are a large number of fine crystal clusters formed by anorthite and a small amount of residual quartz in the milky glaze。
  3, modeling characteristics According to incomplete statistics, the Guan Ru porcelain category has more than 20 kinds of bowls, plates, dishes, cups, cups, POTS, POTS, boxes, bottles, furnaces, POTS, etc., about 40 kinds of shapes, which is significantly more than the handed down products。However, there are also kiln sites that have not been found, such as bottles。Most of its ware types are common porcelain styles of Song Dynasty, with distinct characteristics of The Times, but the production method is mainly molded, and the shape of the ware is more standardized and neat。

4、Decorative features are carving, impression and sculpture techniques, patterns to lotus petals, dragon pattern mainly, as well as fish pattern, bird shape, nail chord pattern and so on。
   5, the process features a lot of objects full of glaze inside and outside, wrapped foot burning, nails small, such as sesame, arranged close to the circle wall, nail cross section is white, the number of nails is more than 3, 5, very few 4, 6, such as pot type square, oval narcissus basin, etc。Fully fired utensils include various types of washing (outer bound foot, deep belly flat), plates (outer bound foot, false circle foot, three feet, flat), dishes, bowls, POTS (outer bound foot, false circle foot, four feet, flat bottom), bottles, etc。Bowl type utensils, mat burning accounted for the vast majority, except for the wrapped foot bowl are burning, straight ring foot fancy mouth bowl also has full glaze burning, individual open small low ring foot bowl burning placed on the ring foot。There are many kinds of bottles, most of which are pad cake pad burning, foot end exposed embryo without glaze, and glaze branch burning only see pan mouth folded shoulder bottles and individual small bottles with low circle feet on the utensils。The cup holder, the cup, the set box is more special, mainly to pad burning, a few full glaze, the nail is placed horizontally on the bottom of the circle, and the individual shorter set box is burned on the bottom of the box。
Ru porcelain is first burned by the plain and then glazed into the kiln for two times. The glaze is mostly colorless fine broken pieces, showing fishscale or ice cracks, and there are very few utensils without open pieces, such as oval narcissus basin。
  6, the characteristics of the bubbles in the glaze to forty times the microscopic magnifying glass to see, a bubble large and sparse, a bubble looming, like a number of bubbles from the bottom of the water has not yet to the surface of the water, but the overall "few like morning star"。Of course, on the whole, all of the above characteristics are not fully present in every piece of Ru porcelain, and cannot be metaphysically affirmed or denied。

  The imitation of Ru porcelain began in the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, and reached its peak in the Yong and Gan periods of the Qing Dynasty, not only in large quantity but also in good quality。Modern imitation burning is mainly concentrated in Henan Ruzhou City, Yuzhou City and Pingdingshan Baofeng County many folk kiln。

(一) Ming Xuande imitation features

1、The ware types mainly include diamond style washing, cricket pot, chicken heart bowl and plate, etc. The ware type is the common shape of Xuande period, which is far from the Ru porcelain shape;

2、Only pay attention to imitate the glaze color, but the glaze color is blue, and the glaze chip grain is heavy;3, the bottom of some artifacts have blue and white script "Daming Xuande year", can not distinguish themselves。
  (2) Qing Yongzheng, Qianlong imitation features

1、 There are many kinds of imitation products in the Qing Dynasty, many are created, and the size is wide, most of them are high-grade furnishings porcelain and stationery utensils, most of them are bottles, bowls, plates, cups, and dishes are very rare。Yongzheng imitation ware types mainly include elephant ear bottle, chrysanthemum flap bottle, full ear bottle, garlic bottle, gourd bottle, string pattern bottle, three-series bottle, two-ear flat bottle, pomegranate bottle, elephant ear bottle, rhinoteal bottle, hexagonal dregs bucket, jar type bowl, peach wash, narcissus basin, flower vase and so on;Qianlong's imitation ware types mainly include curve-mouth bottle, string pattern bottle, garlic bottle, straight neck bottle, gourd bottle, Guanyin bottle, fish ear bottle, elephant ear bottle, square ear bottle, five-hole square bottle, seven-hole flower vase, flower jar, two-ear bottle, narcissus basin, seal box, peach wash, etc.

2、Repair the tire straightening。The carcass is grayish reddish brown, similar"Incense ash fetus";

3、The glaze is blue and translucent azure, clear and crystal, the glaze color is uniform, and the overall texture of Ru porcelain is far from。Open small grain pieces, similar to crab claws;

4、The bottom circle is smooth and round, and the exposed parts are all painted with reddish-brown glaze water, and most of them are written with blue and white seal charactersThe "Yongzheng year of the Qing Dynasty" or "Qianlong year of the Qing Dynasty" has distinct characteristics of The Times。
(3) Modern imitation features both imitation glaze color, and imitation modeling, only a few slightly charm, look quite similar, but the vast majority of only Greek gourd, not only the glaze is bright, the glaze color is blue, and the objects are disproportionate, the size is far from Ru porcelain。Some new tools for old, should be careful not to fall for。

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Qing Yongzheng imitation Ru kiln porcelain